Reasons for the complications and fatalities
Knowing the complications or side effects of medical procedures such as hair transplant is one thing. As doctors, surgeons, or even patients undergoing hair transplants, you must understand why these complications are. Only when you know the reasons doctors can you provide the proper remedies to your patients to resolve the issue. Some of the common reasons for complications post-hair transplant procedure is as follows:
Anaphylactic or Drug reactions
Some antibiotics or painkillers cause drug reactions inside the body. The cephalosporin group of drugs used as antibiotics after the hair transplant procedure can cause anaphylactic reactions. Doctors must be aware of such reactions in patients earlier and be cautious about them. Analgesics such as diclofenac sodium can also lead to anaphylactic reactions, which might also be fatal. Some doctors and medical institutions are preparing protocols to avoid such reactions. The protocol suggests doctors and surgeons not use these drugs during the surgery. Using them before or after the surgery can lead to lesser chances of fatal outcomes in patients. Surgeons are trying to restrict the use of NSAIDs during hair transplant surgeries.
Furthermore, certain drugs are given to patients to control such anaphylactic reactions. However, doctors must be cautious of biphasic anaphylactic reactions as well. After initial control of the drug reaction, the patient further faces complications after a couple of hours of the surgery. This may include breathing problems or even cause lung edema and ARDS. If an anaphylactic reaction is caused to a patient, they must be under medical supervision in the ICU for the next 24 to 48 hours. Giving a drug to control it momentarily is not the right way forward. It can become life-threatening if the right and timely management is not done. Patients might face electrolyte imbalance in the body which might also be fatal. The electrolyte balance needs to be taken care of during this period. If unchecked, it might even cause cardiac arrest in severe cases.
Infections
MRSA reactions can occur after a hair transplant if proper care is not taken. These infections can be fatal in certain cases as well. There have even been instances where people have lost their eyesight due to these infections. To avoid such MRSA reactions, patients undergoing hair transplant surgery can apply mupirocin ointment inside the nose for two days before and 2 to 3 days after the surgery.
Betadine mouthwash and shampoo can be used after surgery to avoid MRSA infections. Before the hair transplant procedure, the doctor or team of surgeons should ensure that the OT is disinfected and sterile. This would reduce the chances of infection in patients during the surgical procedure. Some antibiotics, such as doxycycline, can be given two days before surgery to reduce the chances of bacterial reactions and toxicity.
Drug overdose
Patients and doctors must be well aware of the recommended doses of certain drugs. Drug doses depend on the body weight and the physiological condition of the patient as well in some instances. Doctors must be well aware of it as well. For example, bupivacaine used to prolong anesthesia might cause cardiotoxicity.
Instead, ropivacaine can be used along with xylocaine during a hair transplant. Xylocaine can also cause drug reactions, so xylocarp can be used in its place. Make sure you do not preserve xylocarp as it does not contain preservatives.
This might cause fungal infections in subsequent cases. Dr. Venkataraman, a dermatologist from Mysore, mentioned in his paper that Clonidine tablets can be used before a hair transplant for pain relief. Some doctors even recommend a clonidine tablet before the hair transplant, followed by a fentanyl patch for prolonged pain relief.
This would ensure that voveran or diclofenac is not used for pain relief in the patient that might cause drug reactions. Intravenous lipids can be used if there is some symptom of xylocaine toxicity.
Missed medical history
Before going for the surgery, you must inform your doctor about any medical conditions that you might have. It will help if you inform your doctor about any drug allergies that you might have as well.
If you are a smoker, you must stop smoking. Smoking is a vasoconstrictor, so the chances of getting skin necrosis are higher in heavy smokers. Avoid smoking to protect yourself from these infectious reactions post-hair transplant surgery.
Conclusion
A hair transplant is a safe surgery in general. Understanding the possible complications and their causes well in advance can help keep them at bay. Make sure to discuss each detail with your doctor, ask them any questions, and clear your doubts before the surgery.
If you are looking for the safest best hair transplant in Delhi book your appointment now with Care Well Medical Centre. Safety comes first. Ask your doctor about the steps you need to take post-surgery to ensure no complications and a smooth recovery process.
